The Problems of Social Responsibility - 1350 Words

1. INTRODUCTION Combine Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into strategic management is making and increase profit to a companys business. In recent year, the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gradually become a very concern to industries. Hence, there have been gradually increasing tensions with many companies and increase the responsibility of managers try to carry out Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to society. In fact, managers should be having knowledge and understanding the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) where communicate with society will be giving valued information to a company to manage Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can refer as â€Å"environmentally friendly† and â€Å"first world wages for first world goods†. As we knew, many factors can affect a companys business, one of the influential power is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) because Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities can affect consumer purchasing. Nowadays, society is using a set of tools to examine a company from the aspects of business ethic and Corporate Social Responsibility. Hence, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and business success have a close relationship. A high responsibility, commitment, contribution to society, a company may high business success in the further; but a low or none responsibility, commitment, contribution to society, may little or none businesses’s successShow MoreRelatedProblems Of Corporate Social Responsibility3455 Words   |  14 PagesProblems of Corporate Social Responsibility in Sugarcane Value Chain in Utter Pradesh: An Analysis through Integrated Model of CSR PROF.SHAMIM AHMAD Dept of Agricultural Economics Business Management A.M.U Aligarh e-mail:shamimahmadmba@gmail.com Contact no: 915712702238 ABUZAR NOMANI Dept of Agricultural Economics Business Management A.M.U Aligarh e-mail:abuzarnomani88@gmail.com Contact no: +917417006481 ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility is a concept whereby companies integrate socialRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities1373 Words   |  6 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The term social responsibility means different things to different people. Generally, corporate social responsibility is the obligation to take action that protects and improves the welfare of society as whole as well as organizational interests. According to the concept of corporate social responsibility, a manager must strive to achieve both organizational and societal goals. Current perspectives regarding the fundamentals of social responsibility of businessesRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business1042 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility is defined as a business preparation that involves participating in creativities that help society. Friedman: The Social Responsibility of Business is to increase its profits. Milton Friedman argues that the only social responsibility a business has is to itself – mainly to its profits, and therefore, its stakeholders. The business management in charge of a company works for the organization and eventually for the stakeholders. This person is responsible for carryingRead MoreBest Interest Of Business To Improve The Community Case Study983 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, have a moral obligation to help society deal with its problems and to contribute to its welfare. It is the ethical thing to do by the business organizations. A measurement should be made of whether the organization is perfo rming such activities as producing goods and services that people need, creating jobs for society, paying fair wages, and ensuring worker safety. People and organizations need each other. Social responsibility to employees extend beyond terms and conditions of the formalRead MoreChallenges Facing The World Today s Society1021 Words   |  5 Pagesaware of the problems we face in the world today. Many people view business as the being the problem opposed to the solution or at least a part of the problem in many of the social challenges in today’s society. When thinking about solutions we tend to think about them in terms of NGOs, government, and philanthropy. Non-profits have also been a common way to help a societal problem. However, this has been happening for years and the world is not making fast enough progress. There is a problem of scaleRead MoreA Study on Organizational Management928 Words   |  4 Pagesclients having problems with these substandard good consequently forcing them to go to the homes and offices of the clients to try and fix the problems. The idea behind the large organization releasing into mar ket products is to create something of great value and what satisfies the customers, however the organization has failed to do so. This has caused problems to organization and customers, making customers to solve the problem by themselves. Therefore, this paper evaluates these problems from economicRead MoreEthical Perspectives On Social Responsibility1478 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Perspectives on Social Responsibility Corporations are encouraged to conduct their activities in an ethically responsible manner, however neither the corporate world nor academia has produced a single – all encompassing definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The basic problem is that there are too many self-serving definitions that often lean toward the specific interests of the entities involved (Van Marrewijk, 2003). There has even been a quantitative study conducted onRead MoreThe Truth About Corporate Social Responsibility1111 Words   |  5 PagesTHE TRUTH ABOUT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: CASE STUDY Introduction Corporate social responsibility has been one of the strategies that has been adopted by various corporations across the global business arena. The concept of corporate social responsibility came about because of the increased pressure of the businesses to have concern and discipline over the organizational stakeholders. Many businesses have successfully achieved their goals by e mbracing these practices and have influenced manyRead MoreNew Belgium Brewing Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus on social responsibility provides a key competitive advantage for the company? Why or why not? Yes, I think NBB’s focus on social responsibility is a key competitive advantage. Because only one small detail things make big difference in image. In USA, there is a lot of Beer Company. Their appearance like design and taste are all different. Everyone has different preference, so taste or design can’t be a big competitive advantage. Therefore, in this situation social responsibility activitiesRead MoreSocial Responsibility Perspective On Crime1685 Words   |  7 Pagesbuilds on a social policy theme by Contrasting two perspectives that have become popular in not only the United States, but other countries as well. These two central arguments surrounding criminal activity ask whether the crime is the individual’s own act of free will, or if it is the fault of the society which the individual was raised. These views are coined social responsibility perspective and social problems perspective. An analysis of the social responsibility and social problems perspectives

The Battle Of Antietam And The Civil War - 876 Words

Ryan Prendergast Morrow A/B American Studies First Draft Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, uttered the words,That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. This meaningful sentence perfectly represents the Battle of Antietam as a turning point in the Civil War and its effect on America decades later. The small step was one man s step on the moon just like the Battle of Antietam was just another battle during the Civil War, but they were short and impactful events that revolutionized their fields. America s advances in science and technology would not be the same without that one step on the moon. Similarly, without this one battle, America s modern beliefs on slavery would be completely divergent. The Battle of Antietam was an event that completely altered the course of the Civil War, terminated Lee s courageous Invasion of the North, made the Civil War a war of slavery, and led to the Emancipation Proclamation. On September 17, 1862 during the Civil War, the Battle of Antietam occurred. Virginian G eneral Robert E. Lee directed the Confederates. He acquired recognition during the Mexican American War. General Winfield Scott referred to Lee as the very best soldier I ve ever seen in the field. Due to this prestige, even President Abraham Lincoln asked General Lee to join the Union, but Lee rejected the offer because he was a Virginia born man of the South. Lincoln then scouted another Mexican American War hero whom coordinated theShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War : The Battle Of Antietam969 Words   |  4 Pages there was a war that happened that caused many people to die in the war, which was Civil War. The Civil War was a war that was fought between the Union and Confederate parts of United States. The Union was in the North, and the Confederates were in the South. There were many reasons why the battles were fought. During the Civil War, the president was Abraham Lincoln. There were many reasons why the war was fought, but the main reason was to keep the country together. Befor e the war, the North andRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam And The Civil War985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Antietam, or The Battle of Sharpsburg as the South would call it, took place on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek. This was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. The American Civil War was beginning its second year of combat. As the Confederate States of America came close to winning the war, independence was well on its way. At first the result of the battle was controversial, as it could not be determinedRead MoreThe Battle of Antietam Creek600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Battle of Antietam Creek The Battle of Antietam Creek was a very bloody and important battle in the Civil war. The battle was fought by two different armies within the Union and the Confederacy, The Army of the Potomac (Union) and The Army of Northern Virginia (Confederate). Antietam Creek is located just to the east of the Potomac River in Maryland. The battle was fought on a hill just above the west bank of Antietam Creek. The Army of the Potomac, who was on the offensive, was pushing towardsRead MoreAnalysis Of James Mcpherson s The Opening Sentence 931 Words   |  4 Pagestheir deaths at the Battle of Antietam. McPherson’s use of death statistics bring the reader into his narrative, and help the reader to begin thinking about the impact the Civil War had on America. According to McPherson the Civil War was constantly changing hands, at some points the Confederates were ahead, and at other times it was the Union Army. McPherson’s thesis is that no one battle decided the war, but Antietam was the â€Å"event† of the war, and changed the course of the war. McPherson effectivelyRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam By Robert E. Lee1046 Words   |  5 Pagesof the American Civil War. The Civil War was fought between the North (Union) and the south. The Battle of Antietam took place on September 17, 1862 near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and it was the bloodiest day in American history. Before the battle, the confederacy had a better chance of winning the war. Conflict arose between McClellan and Robert E. Lee which sparked the invasion of the north and the beginning of a long war. McPherson argued in his novel that the battle of Antietam was the turning pointRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam ( Sears )984 Words   |  4 Pagesinfantry was beyond anything conceivable to the uninitiated† wrote a Union officer during the battle of Antietam (Sears). The battle of Antietam was just one of the many battles of the American Civil War, and possibly the most significant. This battle was a pivotal point during the war, which gave the North the power to win the American Civil War. There are three main reasons why there was a civil war in the United States. One well known reason was slavery. The South wanted to continue adding slavesRead MoreThe Effect of the Battle at Antietam Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of the Battle at Antietam The effects of the bloodiest battle in American military history spread all over the world; however, the resulting Emancipation Proclamation, in particular, had an enormous impact on Britain’s decision to not recognize the Confederacy as a nation. During a low point for the Union, the birth of this pivotal piece of anti-slavery legislation from the Battle at Antietam helped deter Britain from intervening. The Battle at Antietam and the resulting ProclamationRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War960 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever wondered why the Civil War happened or why it was so substantial to American History? What was the battle that changed it all; that made it the history it is today? Many people have made speculations on the causes of the war and what the major turning point was, but cannot really narrow it down. In James McPherson’s Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam he points out the pivotal moments in American history that led up to and changed the Civil War , so that the reader can get a better insightRead MoreTaking a Look at Abraham Lincoln833 Words   |  3 Pagesfought against the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis in the Civil War. Lincoln won the war with General Ulysses S. Grant by his side. Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14th 1865. He died of his gunshot wound at 7:22 the next day. â€Æ' William Tecumseh Sherman Born in Lancaster, Ohio, Sherman was only sixteen when he entered West Point. He is the colonel of the 13th Regular Infantry. He was also a general in the Civil War. Even though Anderson’s illness put him in charge, Sherman’s apparentlyRead MoreThe Civil War : The Greatest And Most Catastrophic War Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War is an essential event in America s history. The Civil War determined what kind of nation the United States would be. Would it be a breakable confederation of absolute states or an indivisible nation with an absolute national government ? Northern victory of the war protected the United States as one nation and ended the foundation of slavery which had separated the country initially. However, those results came at the value of many lives.Nearly 625,000 American soldiers lives were

Management Concepts Free Essays

Managerial decision-making Problem avoiders Problem solvers Problem seekers Approaches to decision making Classical decision model Behavioral decision model Judgmental decision model 2. With references to decision-making theory covered in the chapter, describe the type of managerial decision-making evident in this case, and the conditions under which decisions were made. Managerial Decision Making *Problem avoidably problem solvers *Problem seekers Decision conditions: *Certain environment *Risk environment uncertain environment 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Concepts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evaluate the decisions made in the case in relation to the classical, behavioral and Judgmental heuristics approaches to decision-making that are outlined In the chapter. Which model do you believe best describes the situation and subsequent decision-making process In this case? Justify your answer? Approaches to decision making Classical decision model Judgmental decision model Case decision *Classical decision model Problem: it was the flood that damage Brisbane and Physics Possible alternative: Not releasing flood waters. Consequently threatened stability of dam Optimizing decision: Release of flood waters being aware of potential damage. SOOT Analysts: Strengths: *New technology *They set priorities *Manage time Weakness: Lack of communication Misunderstanding Misconduct Problem solving Crisis Opportunities: *Professional engineer *Employment Threats: Natural disaster (climate change) Damage roads and homes. Conclusion People should make wise decision to save the life’s of the others. How to cite Management Concepts, Papers

Australian Port Operations Port Authority

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Port Operationsfor Port Authority. Answer: Introduction Sydney ports are managed by Port Authority of New South Wales, a government corporation that manages operations of Sydney Harbor, ports of New Castle, Port Botany, along with other seaports situated in Eden and the region of Yamba (Port Authority of South Wales, 2016). The Sydney ports were established according to State Owned Corporations Act, 1989. It manages all the functions and the operations of Sydney Harbor that includes 11 berths, including dry cargo, liquid and cruise terminal facilities for entertainment that includes land in Walsh Bay, region of glebe Island/White bay and a passenger terminal at circular Quay called Overseas (Port Authority of South Wales, 2016). The detailed functioning and day-to-day operations of the port are obtained from the provisions of State Owned Corporations Act 1989, and Port Safety Operating License (PSOL), and Ports and Maritime Administration Act 1995 (Port Authority of South Wales, 2016). The Sydney ports manages all the operations of the or ganization including the services related to marine operations, survey, safety and security of the environment, vessel traffic and marine operations. The port authority also deals with operations of Sydneys international cruise terminals which are called overseas Passenger Terminal at Circular Quay and White Bay Cruise Terminal (Royal Caribbean International, 2016). The major responsibility of Sydney port is to manage the responsibility of the harbor Master, manage the channels and the approaches of ports, safe navigation and shipping from the port, securing the premises from any unwanted activity, and safe operations. The safe operations of the company include implementing dangerous goods regulations and developing contingency plans and emergency support for marine accidents and problems (Harbour Masters Directions, 2016). Other than that, oil spill is also a major issue for the sea environment; therefore, it also regulates oil clean ups in marine environment. The Sydney ports can also provide dry bulk facilities at Glebe Island (Port Authority of South Wales, 2016). In all the ports, the company aims to provide best services and professional services to the customers to add value to the customer satisfaction and gain competitive advantage over other port management organizations. In the following report, the day-o-day operations of the Sydney port are discussed along with the logistics and the supply chain in the port. Later, the report also shed light on the sustainability practices of the port. Day-to-Day Port Operations The authority of Sydney ports aims to become respectable port manager which provides commercially feasible operations along with contributing to the growth of the Australian economy. The company has adopted competitive approach wherein it provides highly advanced services at minimal charges. The port accommodates all kind of vehicles including cargo and passenger ships or ships dedicated to fishing or research which have to pay the port charges (Schedule of Port Charges Sydney, 2016). All these vessels have a fixed schedule at which they depart or arrive at the Sydney ports. The port charges depend upon the navigation services, pilotage and mooring fees (Port Authority of NSW: Port Charges, 2016). The Sydney Harbor is also the worlds premier land cruise destination and has two cruise passenger terminals dedicated for the ports in Australia. The cruise business across the world is blooming exponentially. Sydney is the home to the excellent tourist destinations which attract the tourists from all across the world. It also supports the cruise business of the port. The peak season of the cruise business is from January to March with over 114 ships scheduled in 2015 peak season. The cruise schedule is developed on the forecast for the next 18 months. The information includes the projected arrivals and the departure of the vessels through the two passenger terminals of the Sydney port (Port Authority of NSW, 2016). As Sydney port is home to large passenger ships, vessels and recreational boating, appropriate navigation services are provided which includes pilotage and vessel traffic service (VTS). The entrance and the departure of any vessel or commercial ship are controlled by the harbor master. Harbor master control the time and procedure by which any ship enters/ exits from the port. Safe navigation in the port encompasses activities including risk evaluation, risk mitigation and pilotage, vessel traffic service and port procedures. Other procedures are also applied for the safe operations in the port. It includes staff safety, safety of shipping community, port neighbors, environment and visitors (URS, n.d). The port employees also regularly monitor the boat movement in the sea (Birtchnell, Savitzky and Urry, 2015). When a commercial large vehicle are transited to the sea, the staff members monitors that no recreational boat is in vicinity. Other than that, they also follow certain guidelines for the preservation of the marine environment. Primarily, there are two commercial ports that come under the wing of Sydney ports, namely, Sydney harbor and Botany Bay. Recently, the company has invested in the infrastructure and economic assets to meet the trade needs of New South Wales and Australia. Both of these ports in a combined manner handle the trade of 61 billion dollars each year. In Sydney harbor, pilotage is available to the customers twenty-four hours every day and is necessary to undertake for all the ships other than the ones coming under section 79 of the PMA 1995 (Ports and Maritime administration Act 1995). In the Sydney harbor, the ships can approach or exit from two approach channels namely, The Western Channel, a two hundred and ten meters wide channel and the Eastern Channel, a one hundred and eighty meters wide channel. Substantial consideration is given to the harbor entrance and three gates are constructed of different dimensions, namely, harbor entrance 24.4 meters, Eastern Channel, of 10.5 meters and W estern channel of 13.7 meters. The bottom of all the gates is constructed using sand and sill. The harbor also provides various ship and repair services that includes survey and safety equipment implementation for all the vessels. The harbor master controls the direction and the movement of the port within the harbor boundary (Sydney Ports Handbook, 2012). Value Chain, Logistics and Operations The international shipping industry makes a significant contribution to the global cargo transportation and logistics. However, the shipping industry faces several challenges in terms of return over vessels transportation, merchandise rates and returns for the shareholder. Moreover, it is also significantly influenced by the variations in political and the economic environment of a country. The technological innovations, financial crisis and environmental concerns related to the sea life also affect the transportation from the waterways. However, ship freight is important for the economic activities and international trade. Ships are the primary means through which the products are transported from the place of production to the places of consumption on a large scale (pwc, 2016). The shipping industry encompasses two shipping method, namely, tramp and liner shipping. The tramp shipping provides flexible and convenient transportation of bulk cargos for long distances. It usually invol ves cross-ocean movement and dry or liquid bulk cargo. The liquid cargo is transport through tanker shipping. The liner shipping involves high-capacity ships that have fixed routes or fixed schedules and transit across the ocean (Lun, Lai Cheng, 2010). The Sydney ports provide a number of port freight and logistics services to provide better services at the port precinct. It is considered as the leader in providing world-class and efficient logistics services to its customers. In this business division, the Sydney ports provide and offer services that ease the process of freight movement to and fro from the ports. It also provides the shipping services. The shipping facilities can be defined as the process of moving freight or cargo from port to sea on a vessel or a ship. Numerous ships visit Sydney port for this purpose (Easter Holiday Operating Hours, 2012). This section of port administration is exclusively controlled by Shipping Australia Limited, which is an exclusive body in this sector. Among Sydney ports, the Sydney Harbor and the port botany provides the services of navigating a vessel into or within the port waters. The towage and line services are also considered as a part of the logistics services provided by the harbor. It includes the services that support safe and well-organized movement of ships as they arrive or depart from the harbor (Port Authority of South Wales, 2016). The shipping Australia limited is the administrative body that cont rols the movement of the ships in the ports Sydney. It is the primary body in the Australia that controls the movement of the ship and promotes or promotes the interest of the ship owners or users in developing shipping policies and laws (Shipping Australia Limited, 2016). Sustainability Practices in the Sydney Ports In the recent decade, the concepts of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have emerged as an important theme in the global business arena. The companies have started developing strategies that take care of the economic, social, and the environmental dimensions of the community wherein they are living (Mallin, 2009). The sustainability practices or the CSR activities refers to the approach of taking a long-term prospective wherein the current requirements are met without sacrificing the ability of the future generations to meet their requirements. In this light, the business managers while developing business strategies take into consideration the sales and profit as well as the sustainable development of the society and the business (Petrini Pozzebon, 2010). In this regard, New South Waless government and port administration is dedicated to save environment and wildlife and to preserve the Sydney harbor, Botany Bay and the adjoining ports in nearby locations. The administrative body also intends to maintain the balance between the interests of different communities like local community, port and the environment. The environmental management approach adopted by the Port Authority is constituted from ISO:14001:2004. The intent of the method is to integrate the recognition and the management of the environmental risk across all the business functions and invite cooperation from all the stakeholders of the company. These environmental protection strategies include identification of potential risk, developing methods to minimize the impact of the risk on public and environment, monitoring the operations of the company, complying with the local environmental law and establishing communication link with all the communities. In addition to it, Sydney Ports also emphasize on the development of a commercially profitable sea port which is also environmentally-friendly. Therefore, the amount of the energy resources utilized such as water, energy and materials are constantly reduced in the port through technical interventions. The Port Authority also works with the residents, local and the state government for maintaining and implementing proper infrastructure and systems in the port premises to handle the impact of the climate change on the organization. Currently, the Port administration is preparing risk assessment for climate change and considering the integration of factors that mitigate climate change in the developing applications of the company. To minimize the use of natural resources, Port Authority of New South Wales has participated in Sydney Every Water Drop Counts Business Program and developed an internal group that focused on minimizing resource utilization, namely, Green Warriors. The Port Authority of New South Wales also takes responsibility to protect the environment and acknowledges the interests of the local community. The port management works collaboratively with the local community to minimize the impact of the port operations on the environment and the surroundings. In this regard, the port authority has obtained a range of initiatives that include establishment of committees and groups to manage the operations of the port and investing to uplift the living standards of the local community (Port Authority of New South Wales, 2016). Conclusion Conclusively, it can be stated that the Sydney ports is among the leading sea ports across the globe. It manages the operations of Sydney Harbor, Port Botany, ports of New Castle, along with other seaports situated in Eden and Yamba. The legislations defined in the State Owned Corporations Act 1989, Ports and Maritime Administration Act 1995 and PSOL define the current provisions and management of the Sydney Port. At a single day, all kinds of vehicle such a ships dedicated to cargo and passengers or the ships focused on fishing or research have to pay the port charges enters or exits the harbor. The port pay is dependent upon the cargo and the size of the ships. The harbor master, navigation services, pilotage and mooring services are constantly provided to all the incoming ports. The New South Wales government and port administration also implements several sustainability practices to mitigate the impact of port operations on the local community. References Birtchnell, T., Savitzky, S. and Urry, J. (2015). Cargomobilities: Moving Materials in a Global Age. London: Routledge. Easter Holiday Operating Hours. (2012). Port Botany Container Operations. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/17388/Port_Botany_2012_Easter_Holiday_Hours_.pdf Harbour Masters Directions. 2016. Port Authority of New South Wales. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/port_operations/harbour_masters_directions Lun, Y.H., Lai, K.H., Cheng, TCE. (2010). Shipping and Logistics Management. Springer Science Business Media. Mallin, C.A. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study Approach. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Petrini, M., Pozzebon, M. (2010). Integrating Sustainability into Business Practices: Learning from Brazilian Firms. Brazilian Administrative Review 7(4), 362-378. Port Authority of New South Wales. (2016). Cruise Schedule Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/port_operations/cruise_schedule Port Authority of New South Wales. (2016). Sustainability: Community. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/sustainability/community Port Authority of New South Wales: Port Charges. (2016). Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/port_operations/port_charges Port Authority of South Wales. (2016) About us. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/ Pwc. (2016). Shipping Ports. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/transportation-logistics/shipping-ports.html Royal Caribbean International. (2016). Port of Sydney, Australia. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.royalcaribbean.com/customersupport/faq/details.do?pagename=frequently_asked_questionsfaqId=2738faqSubjectId=331 Schedule of Port Charges Sydney. (2016). PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/33359/Sydney_Schedule_of_Port_Charges_1_July_2016.pdf Shipping Australia Limited. (2016). Role of Shipping Australia Limited. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://shippingaustralia.com.au/role-of-shipping-australia-limited/ Sydney Ports Handbook 7th Edition. (2012). Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/17550/SPC9761_SPC_2011-12_Handbook_LR_spreads_120dpi.pdf URS. (n.d.). Terminal Operations. Retrieved on 6 December 2016 from https://www.sydneyports.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/2407/Ch_06.pdf